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In this article we’ll learn how to apply a style or formatting to paragraphs. Formatting paragraphs can change the entire look and feel of a document.
Page MarginsPerhaps the most crucial step in formatting your page is setting the margins. The margins will determine how your page looks on the screen and also how it will look when it’s printed. A margin is the amount of white space on either side of a page, as well as on the top and bottom.
To set the margins for your document, go to ‘File’ on the menu bar. Select ‘Page Setup.’ A window will appear that looks like this:
You can then set the margins for the top and bottom of your page, then the left and right sides. Also, you can select if you want to apply to the margins to the entire document or from that point in the document (where the cursor is) forward.
Line SpacingLine spacing refers to how much space is between each line of text. You’ve probably heard of the terms ‘single spaced’ and ‘double spaced’ before. Both these terms apply to line spacing.
To increase or decrease the space between lines, you can do one of two things.
Go to ‘Format’ on the menu bar. Select ‘Paragraph.’ You’ll then see the window below.
Go down to ‘Spacing’ and select how much space you want between lines from the ‘Line spacing’ drop down box. You can see how the changes will affect your document in the ‘Preview’ section.
IndentionsTo indent text or the beginning of a paragraph, you can choose to work with commands located in the menu bar or use icons located on the ‘Formatting’ toolbar.
Using the Menu Bar
Go to ‘Format’ on the menu bar.
Select ‘Paragraph.’
Under the heading ‘Indentation,’ you can select the size of the indention. (The example shows .25″. Or you can select a ‘Special’ indentation, either a first line or a hanging indentation.
First line: This controls the left boundary for the first line of the paragraph.
Hanging: Controls the left boundary for every line in the paragraph except the first one.
On the Formatting Toolbar
You can use the icon to decrease the indention of a line or paragraph, or you can use the to increase the indention.
Adding Borders and ShadingTo add a border to a page:
Go to ‘Format’ on the menu bar. Select ‘Borders and Shading.’
From this tab, you can select the type of border you want to appear around the page, the thickness of the lines, and the color. You can also select what pages you want to apply the border to.
Using the Tables and Border Toolbar to Create Page Borders
The ‘Tables and Border’ toolbar is pictured above. To create border, you only need to use a portion of the toolbar. That portion is pictured below.
Shading
Just as you can add border to a paragraph, you can also add shading or color.
Select ‘Format’ on the menu bar.
Choose ‘Borders or Shading’
You can choose a color or customize your own.
Change CaseMS Word 2003 allows you to also customize the case in a document or a section of a document. To change the case, go to ‘Format’ on the menu bar, then select ‘Change Case.’ This window will pop up:
Sentence case is the case used in this article.
Lowercase puts all letters in lowercase.
Uppercase puts all letters in uppercase.
Title case capitalizes letters that would normally be capitalized in a title such as a book title.
Toggle case alternates between upper and lowercase letters.
AutoFormatAutoFormat allows you to customize MS Word 2003 to automatically correct errors, format the document, or enter text. MS Word 2003 has a lot of features to streamline your tasks and make them easier. This is among the favorites.
To use AutoFormat, go to ‘Format’ on the menu bar and select ‘AutoFormat.’
Automatically enter text. Format your document as you type.
Let MS Word correct errors automatically.
It’s well worth your time to learn how to use AutoFormat and to customize it for your use. You’ll find that it will save you a lot of time in writing and editing the documents that you create.
Columns run vertically on a page. Columns can contain text, data, or graphics. If you have more than one column on a page, the columns appear side by side, as you see in newspapers and magazines.
There are two easy ways that you can add columns to your documents.
The first is located on the ‘Standard’ toolbar.
A drop down menu will appear with four columns on it. Select the number of columns you want in your document with the first column you see in the drop down menu symbolizing one column, the second symbolizing two columns, etc.
On the menu bar, select ‘Format’ then ‘Columns.’
This window will appear:
You can select the number of columns on the page from this window, but you can also set the width of the columns, the spacing in between the columns, and if you want them to appear in the entire document or just from that point forward.
Formatting Documents In Word 2007
Word 2007 has various tools to help you format your document into an eye-catching masterpiece. This chapter shows how to enhance the appearance, layout, and formatting of your document.
This chapter is from the book
What You’ll Do
Format Text
Format Text for Emphasis
Change Character Spacing
Select Text with Similar Formatting
Find and Replace Formatting
Find and Replace Custom Formatting
Change Paragraph Alignment
Change Line Spacing
Display Rulers
Set Paragraph Tabs
Set Paragraph Indents
Create Bulleted and Numbered Lists
Add Borders and Shading
Hide Text
Introduction
Once you type a document and get the content how you want it, the finishing touches can sometimes be the most important. An eye catching document will draw the reader in, while a boring font without a lot of extra details will draw the reader away from all your hard work. To create that interest, Microsoft Office Word 2007 can help you change your document for a fresh look. One of the first elements you can change is your font attributes. Applying bold, underline, or italics when appropriate, can emphasize text. You might find that having different font sizes in your document to denote various topics will also enhance your document.
You can change the kerning—the amount of space between each individual character, for a special effect on a title or other parts of text. You can also apply a dropped capital letter to introduce a body of text, add a shading or border onto your document.
Word has various tools to help you format your document. You can search and replace formatting effects, display rulers, change a paragraph alignment, set paragraph tabs and indents, and change your line spacing. There are times when typing a paragraph will not do your text justice. Creating a bulleted or numbered list might better show your information. To further enhance the appearance of the text in a paragraph, you can quickly add a border and shading to selected text. If you have confidential information in a document or text that you don’t want others to see, you can use a formatting option to hide the text.
How Do I… Create And Format Tables In Word 2003?
This article was originally published on January 1, 2006.
If you’re a regular reader on TechRepublic, you may have seen my series covering various features in Microsoft Excel. While I am finished with that particular series (unless you send ideas for things you’d like to see, of course!), I will be tying this new series -all about Word-in with Excel fairly tightly.
That said, I won’t be doing much integrating with Excel in this particular article, which focuses on tables in Microsoft Word.
A little about this seriesI mentioned above that tables are useful for a number of purposes. To that end, I will focus on two common uses of tables after providing an introduction:
How tables work
Using tables to create professional-looking forms
A lot about tablesThe tables feature is so useful and popular in Word that Microsoft has devoted an entire menu ( Figure A) to this feature.
Over the course of this three-article series, we’ll cover every option on this menu.
Into this grid, you can put anything you like: text, numbers, pictures — whatever goes into Word will go into a table, too.
Creating a tableWhen you use the Insert Table button, you get a miniature grid. Using this grid, you tell Word how large you would like your table. In Figure C, a table that is three columns wide and two rows deep would be created. If you make a mistake with the number of rows and columns, don’t worry too much about it. You can always change it later.
In Figure D, notice that the dialog box tells you exactly how many rows and columns will be created for your new table — in this case, five columns and two rows. If you go this route, again, don’t worry if you make a mistake.
For example, rather than the usual row and column format, you could create a table that looks something like the one shown in Figure E.
Navigating your table Adding and deleting rows and columnsIt’s easy to add rows to the end of your table, but what if you need to sneak something in between two rows you already have, or you need to add a column? What about deleting a row or column? No problem.
Shortcuts for adding and deleting rows and columns Formatting your tableJust like everything else in Word, your table can be formatted with different fonts, colors, line styles, and more. And even after your table is initially created, you can add and remove borders to create a custom table like the one you saw in Figure E.
Changing the line weight, color, and styleMost tables have some kind of grid. But in Word, you can keep the table and remove the grid, change the grid line style to some other type, and change the color of the lines altogether.
On the toolbar ( Figure I), the four options to the right of the Eraser button handle the line styles in your table.
Figure K below shows you an example of what different borders might look like in your table.
Changing the alignment in each cellYou can also change the position of the text in each individual cell in your table. In some cells, you might want the text centered both horizontally and vertically, while in another cell, you might want the text aligned at the bottom-right corner. This is where the cell alignment options come in ( Figure L).
Using this drop-down list, you can quickly change the position of text in your table. Take a look at Figure M to see an example of what you can do. Figure M shows you all of the available alignment options.
Distribute rows and columnsAre you a neat freak? Or do you just want to make sure that your table looks professional? One way you can do that is to make sure your rows and columns are sized appropriately. For example, if you’re showing monthly budget information, your column widths for each month should look the same rather than being all different sizes. Take a look at Figure N to see what I mean.
It’s actually easy to make your table look neat: Use the Distribute Rows Evenly and Distribute Columns Evenly buttons on the toolbar ( Figure O).
You can also manually change the width of a column or the height of a row ( Figure P). When you’re in your table, take a look at both your horizontal and your vertical ruler bars. Each one is broken up with a control that just happens to be at the break point for each row and column.
AutoFormatFrom this window, you can peruse the multitude of styles provided by Word, make a modification to one of the templates, or even create your own style. The AutoFormat option allows you to specify which areas you will apply to your table. For example, if you don’t have a header row on your table, you might now want to have the special boldfaced heading text, so you can deselect the Heading Rows option. Figure R shows you the results of using AutoFormat on the mini-budget table. Note that every other line is shaded in this example. Doing that manually on a large table could take quite some time.
Formatting optionsCreating, customizing, and formatting tables in Word is largely a function of the specialized Tables And Borders toolbar. With Word, you can create tables of practically any size and shape.
How To Use The Document Map In Microsoft Word
Once upon a time, Word’s Document Map had a poor reputation. That reputation was justified. Until Word 2002, it was very flaky. I’ve had Word 2000 crash while displaying the Document Map more times than I can remember.
But from Word 2002, it improved a lot, and in Word 2010 it has been re-vamped and moved to centre stage. The document map is very useful, so give it a go.
How to invoke Document MapFigure 1: The three parts to the Navigation Pane in Word 2010
To see the Document Map:
In all versions except Word 2007: Alt-V-D. (We lost the old keyboard shortcut in Word 2007, but it was reinstated for Word 2010!!)
You’ll see the Document Map on the left of your Word screen.
What does the Document Map do?Strictly speaking, it doesn’t do anything. It just sits there on the left of your screen. What it shows you, however, can be very useful. It shows an outline of your document. That is, it shows all the headings in your document. You get to choose whether to show just the highest-level headings, or lower-level headings as well.
How to get Document Map to display something usefulTo get Document Map to display useful headings, apply the built-in heading styles to the headings in your document.
There are many ways to apply the heading styles.
In Word 2003 and earlier versions, the easiest way is probably to use the Styles combobox on the toolbar. (And if you’re used to using that, in Word 2007 and Word 2010, you can reinstate the Styles combobox to the Quick Access Toolbar.)
From the Styles combo box, choose Heading 1 for your main headings, Heading 2 for sub-headings and Heading 3 for minor headings, and so on.
How to use the Document Map to move around your document quickly How to use the Document Map to see where you are in a documentIf you have a really big document, it’s sometimes easy to get “lost”. You can see a page of text, but it’s hard to know where you are in the document.
Document Map is a good way to solve this problem. As you move around your document, the Document Map will highlight the current heading.
For example, in Figure 1, I can see that the cursor is within the section with the heading “Balloons”. In Figure 2, I can see that the cursor is within the section “Sea transport”.
How to control the number of levels that Document Map displaysThere are two controls available:
How to change the format of the text in the Document Map
In Word 2007 and earlier versions, text in the Document Map is shown in style Document Map. Modify the Document Map style to suit your needs. I find that 10pt Tahoma works well. This feature was removed from Word 2010.
How to change the width of the Document MapHover over the vertical bar separating the Document Map from your text. Drag left or right to suit your needs. See Figure 3.
Figure 3: Hover over the vertical bar to the right of the Document Map and drag to change the width of the Document Map.
How to use the Document Map in Word 2010The Document Map has changed substantially in Word 2010 (Figure 4). It’s not even officially called the Document Map any more, but since it does not have a new name, it seems sensible to keep using the old one.
It now shares the new “Navigation Pane” with a panel for Find and one for Thumbnails. (Except they’re not called Find and Thumbnails any more either; but, like the Document Map they don’t have new names, so using the old names seems sensible.)
There good things about the changes:
Best of all: I can drag a heading in the Document Map, and the heading, and all the paragraphs of text “below” it, will move.
The old pre-Word 2007 keyboard shortcut of Alt-V-D has been reinstated. So I can open the new Document Map with the keyboard shortcut I’ve been using for a decade or more.
Word no longer guesses about what to show in the Document Map. It displays paragraphs based solely on each paragraph’s outline level.
But there are things I don’t like so much about the new Document Map:
It shows a lot less content than the old one. It’s pretty, but because the headings are in little buttons, each one takes up a lot more space. We lose 40% to 50% of the content compared with Word 2007 (the smaller your screen resolution, the bigger the hit).
To change the number of heading levels displayed in the Document Map requires one more mouse movement than the old version. One more mouse movement in this case is a change from 2 to 3, or a reduction in productivity of 50%.
There is some [NOTE: outdated link removed by Lene Fredborg 29-Dec-2016] some good material about the new Document Map at chúng tôi written during the beta testing of Office 2010.
There are several problems with Document Map:
Document Map doesn’t show headings that are in tables. I find this really annoying. It’s a known bug that has been inherited by the “new” Document Map of Word 2010. I guess it won’t get fixed any time soon.
Document Map doesn’t show headings that are in text boxes. Even the “new” Document Map of Word 2010 fails to show headings in a text box. Until Word 2007, text in a text box did not appear in the table of contents. So we weren’t likely to put a heading in a text box. Since that bug was fixed, we can put headings in a text box, and it’s the only straight-forward way to lay text over an image. So the failure of the new document map to show headings is particularly irritating.
In the Paragraph dialog, on the Line and Page Breaks tab, tick “Page Break Before”. Or, better, use the “Keep with Next” setting to keep the paragraph on the same page as the next paragraph. Or, better still, format your document using styles that have been modified with an appropriate “Keep with next” setting.
In Word 2007 and earlier versions, sometimes the Document Map decides to display tiny, unreadable type. It’s a known bug. The solution is to switch to Outline View and then back again. That is:
For the curious or the frustrated: How does Word decide what to display in Document Map? Word 2007 and earlier versions
More usefully, the Outline Level can be derived from the style you apply to your text. The built-in heading styles have their Outline Level fixed (Heading 1 has Outline Level 1, Heading 2 has Outline Level 2 and so on). If you create a custom style, you can modify it to have the Outline level you choose.
If your document has text with appropriate Outline Levels, Document Map will use those outline levels. If Word can’t find any text with appropriate Outline Levels, then, in Word 2007 and earlier versions, Word will guess. (In Word 2010, Word no longer guesses. Hooray!)
Turn off Document Map.
Create a new Word document.
Copy the following text into your document:
A small line of text The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.Another short line The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. jumps over the lazy dog.Few words here The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Turn on Document Map.
You can see that Word has guessed that short, bold lines are headings and has changed the Outline Level of the paragraphs.
Since no-one ever wants Word to guess, make sure you apply appropriate styles (which have appropriate Outline Levels) to your text. Then you will be controlling what displays in Document Map.
Word 2010Word displays text in the Document Map based entirely on the Outline Level of the paragraph. It does not guess.
Acknowledgement Fellow MVP Klaus Linke worked out the problem with the missing heading numbering in Document Map.
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