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Why I don’t use Custom Table Styles in Microsoft Word 2002 and 2003
Quick Reference: Why I don’t use Table Styles in Word 2002 or 2003
I’ve given up trying to use Table Styles for professional documentation. This page explains why.
In Word 2002, Microsoft introduced Table Styles. “Wow!”, I thought. Table Styles promised a quick way to format tables consistently and easily.
And on the face of it, they do.
In my work, I create templates for professional use. I need to define custom ways to control table formatting in several subtle ways. Using custom Table Styles should be the answer to my needs. But I don’t find them useful.
Microsoft has never documented how they work. I’ve only been able to discover how they work through trial and error, and from reading about other users’ frustrations on Microsoft’s newsgroups.
Every few months since Word 2002 was introduced, I’ve experimented with Table Styles. Every few months I’ve been disappointed, because they never give me quite what I need.
This is why I’ve finally given up on them.
Table Styles aren’t a grouping of paragraph styles
Paragraph styles are the basic mechanism for formatting text in Word. You can’t do serious work without coming to grips with them.
In my view, Table Styles should be a mechanism for identifying which paragraph styles I want used in my text + the overall settings the table itself needs.
But that’s not how Table Styles work. They apply direct formatting to my text, and they don’t play nicely with paragraph styles.
Table Styles don’t play nicely with Paragraph Styles
If text in the paragraph is in any paragraph style other than Normal, then sometimes the formatting of the Table Style over‑rides the paragraph style, and sometimes vice versa. For example:
if the Table Style is formatted so that the text is right‑aligned, and I apply a paragraph style that is left‑aligned, then the text will be right‑aligned. The Table Style “wins” the alignment debate.
if the Table Style is formatted with 9pt font, and I apply a paragraph style that has 10pt font, then the text will be 10pt. The paragraph style “wins” the font size debate.
This leaves me frustrated and confused. I apply a paragraph style to text in my table, and Word applies only some of the paragraph style’s settings. Only by trial and error can I can work out which settings of a paragraph style will be applied to the text in a table.
As a user, this single reason is sufficient for me to avoid Table Styles.
Table Styles apply fonts inconsistently
The font identified for the Table Style appears to be applied inconsistently. From testing with trial and error, the rules appear to be the following.
If I apply a Table Style to a table, and if the Table Style uses the same font as the document’s Normal style, then the font in the Table Style is applied to text in the table.
If I apply a Table Style to a table, and if the Table Style uses a font that is different from the document’s Normal style, then:
if the text in the table is in style Normal, the font specified in the Table Style is ignored.
if the style of the text in the table is in some other paragraph style, then the other style’s font is respected and the other paragraph style’s font is applied to the text.
Table Styles apply font sizes inconsistently
The font size defined in a Table Style will only be applied to my table if the document’s Normal style happens to be either 10pt or 12pt.
If the document’s Normal style uses, say, Times New Roman 11pt, then any font size I define in the Table Style is ignored.
Furthermore, I can only use 10pt fonts in a Table Style if the document’s Normal style is in 10pt. If style Normal is in some other size, I can have 9pt, or 11pt in my Table Style, but not 10pt.
Table Styles expect that all text in my table is in style Normal
When I go to insert a table, my cursor is obviously within a paragraph of text. When I insert a table, the text in the table is automatically formatted in the style of that paragraph.
table and use a particular Table Style. I insert the table, and I apply the Table Style.
But the text in the table will now be in paragraph style Body Text. And, as we’ve seen, Table Styles don’t play nicely with paragraph styles.
The only way I can get the Table Style settings to work is to select the whole table, and apply style Normal.
Table Styles are difficult for developers to use
I create lots of Word templates for clients. I’ve long since automated a lot of that work, partly because it speeds up the process, and partly because I can replicate a template with accuracy that I can’t achieve if I do it by hand.
However, a Table Style cannot be entirely constructed in code. That is because some parts of a Table Style are not exposed in Word’s object model. For example, in the user interface, I can specify that the heading row in a Table Style is to repeat at the top of each page. I cannot do that when defining a Table Style in code.
Therefore, tools to create a Table Style or to “fix up” messy tables will not work completely.
What would I have to do to use a Table Style successfully?
So, to use a Table Style successfully I would have to:
modify the Table Style to use the same font as my document’s Normal style
if I need the Table Style to use 10pt text, I must ensure that the document’s Normal style is in 10pt text
each time I insert a table, I must apply the Table Style, then select the whole table and apply style Normal (or, I must apply style Normal, then insert the table and apply the Table Style)
if I want to stay sane, I must avoid applying a paragraph style to text in a table
I have to give up on the idea of creating Table Styles in code.
Since I’ve never had a document for which these rules are appropriate, I have given up on trying to use Table Styles to format my tables.
Is Word 2007 going to solve these problems?
I don’t know yet. Certainly there have been some changes. But as far as I know, Microsoft has not yet documented how Table Styles work. So the only way to find out is trial and error.
Resources
If you’re looking for more information about Table Styles, try the following:
Why Use Microsoft Word’s Built
Why use Microsoft Word’s built-in heading styles?
Why use Word’s built-in heading styles?
You can do almost any task of numbering using your own custom styles.
But there are over a dozen good reasons to use the built-in Heading styles and modify them to suit your needs.
Word has nine built-in Heading styles. They are called Heading 1, Heading 2 etc. You can use other styles (including your own custom styles) for most heading and numbering purposes. But there are good reasons to use Word’s built-in Heading styles.
If you don’t like the format of the built-in styles (and few people would find them attractive as they arrive out of the box), you can modify the styles so they have the font, paragraph and other formatting you want.
Numbering
You can apply numbering to any kind of style. But Word makes it easier to apply numbering to the built-in Heading styles.
Applying the styles
It is particularly easy to apply the built-in Heading styles because Word has built-in keyboard shortcuts. See How to apply a style in Word for a list.
Table of Contents
You can use any styles to construct a Table of Contents. But Word makes it easier if you use the built-in Heading styles, because they are the default.
Page numbering with “chapter” numbering
Let’s say you want your page numbers to look like Page 1-4 or Page 2.5. There are several ways to achieve this. But the numbers won’t appear properly in your Table of Contents unless you use Word’s built-in heading styles.
See I want to include the chapter number with the page number in the Header – how can I do this? on the MS Word MVP FAQ site for a description of how to do page numbering like this (and several good reasons why you might not want to!).
See How to control the page numbering in a Word document at the MS Word MVP FAQ site for a description of how to control page numbering in both simple and quite complex ways.
Captions with “chapter” numbering
There are several ways to create captions for your figures or tables so they look like “Figure 1-4” or “Table 2.3”. But it’s a lot easier to use Word’s built-in caption functionality.
Figure 1: When you go to add “chapter” numbering to captions, the only available styles are the built-in heading styles.
Referring to the captions
So you may as well use the built-in Headings styles and the built-in caption functionality to start with.
TIP: The Word add-in DocTools CrossReferenceManager can help you create cross-references to captions, headings and other types of targets more efficiently than the built-in feature.
Stability
You can create a custom style and number it using the techniques given in How to create numbered headings in your Word document.
But if you accidentally or deliberately delete a custom style that was part of an outline numbering scheme, the whole numbering scheme can collapse. That means you have to go back and re-create the numbering from scratch. Word won’t let you delete the in-built Heading styles, so it helps to protect you and keep the document stable. (If you try to delete a built-in Heading style, Word just re-sets it to the default. But at least it’s still there!)
Publishing to the web
The standard language for publishing documents on the web is HTML. A basic element of HTML is to label headings as H1, H2 etc. If you save a Word document as an HTML file to be published on the web, Word automatically and correctly translates text formatted with the built-in Heading styles as H1, H2 etc.
International Issues
Word comes in dozens of language versions. But “Heading 1” isn’t “Heading 1” in Finnish or French or Farsi. It’s easier to transport Word files (and especially those involving Tables of Contents or macros) across different language setups using the built-in Heading styles, because Word uses special codes to refer to them that are independent of the language being used.
For example, if you create an ordinary Table of Contents that shows 3 levels of built-in heading styles, Word creates the Table of Contents using a field code like this: { TOC o “1-3” }. The “1-3” refers to styles “Heading 1” to “Heading 3”, but it is independent of the language version being used. You can’t get that if you use custom styles.
If you’re creating documents for an international audience that include STYLEREF fields, you can use shortcuts to refer to the built-in heading styles that are independent of your language version of Word. Use { STYLEREF 1 } instead of { STYLEREF “Heading 1” }.
If you’re writing VBA macros for people using Word in several different language versions you might like to look at the list of built-in style constants in Word. You can use the style constants across language versions. For a list of style constants including a macro that lets you add local style names, see Macro – Create List of Local Built-in Style Names.
Creating PDF files
Creating Hyperlinks within your document
Using SEQ fields
If you use SEQ fields for numbering captions or other lists, you can use a switch in the SEQ field to tell Word to re-start the numbering after each occurrence of a built-in Heading style. For example, you might tell the SEQ field to restart after each paragraph in Heading 1 style. There is no equivalent switch for custom styles. (Word’s Help lists all the switches for the SEQ field. Just look up “SEQ”.)
Document Map
In Word 2007 and earlier versions, Document Map produces very peculiar results unless Word can easily see the structure of your document. And the number one way that Word looks for structure in your document is looking for use of the built-in heading styles. (For Word 2010, Microsoft changed the behaviour so you won’t see peculiar results. But, in Word 2010, the Document Map is even more important than ever before. So it’s even more important to use the built-in heading styles.)
By the way, in Word 2003 and earlier versions, you can modify the font and shading used in the Document Map. Simply modify the built-in style called “Document Map”.
Read about How the Document Map works in Microsoft Word on this site.
Accessibility
Screen readers used by people with vision impairment rely on the built-in heading styles to make sense of documents. A screen reader doesn’t know what to make of your built-in style and, worse, can’t recognize that direct formatting (eg bold, a large font size) identifies a heading. To make accessible documents, use Word’s built-in Heading styles.
Furthermore, using the built-in heading styles enables you, or readers of your document, to use the Document Map effectively (as described above). The Document Map is used by people with limited mobility to navigate documents.
Cross-references
Outline View
Maybe the best reason for using Word’s built-in Heading styles was kept till the last.
You can use other styles in Outline View, and you can choose the Level at which they’ll appear. But it’s easiest to use the built-in Heading styles, because they’re already set up ready for you.
Outline View is probably the most useful, and least used, resource in Word. See How to save yourself hours by using Outline View properly at the MS Word MVP FAQ site for a full (and enthusiastic) description of what Outline View can do, and how to use it.
The 11th item in this list was prompted by Mike Bishop of the UK who reminded me about this reason for using the built-in Heading styles.
The 14th item in this list was prompted by Microsoft Powerpoint MVP Glenna Shaw. I keep finding reasons to use Word’s built-in heading styles. At the MVP Summit in Seattle in 2004, Glenna Shaw reminded me that using the built-in heading styles provides for more accessible documents.
The 15th item in this list was suggested by Microsoft Word MVP Suzanne Barnhill following a discussion in Microsoft’s newsgroups “My styles are all messed up”.
How Do I… Create And Format Tables In Word 2003?
This article was originally published on January 1, 2006.
If you’re a regular reader on TechRepublic, you may have seen my series covering various features in Microsoft Excel. While I am finished with that particular series (unless you send ideas for things you’d like to see, of course!), I will be tying this new series -all about Word-in with Excel fairly tightly.
That said, I won’t be doing much integrating with Excel in this particular article, which focuses on tables in Microsoft Word.
A little about this series
I mentioned above that tables are useful for a number of purposes. To that end, I will focus on two common uses of tables after providing an introduction:
How tables work
Using tables to create professional-looking forms
A lot about tables
The tables feature is so useful and popular in Word that Microsoft has devoted an entire menu ( Figure A) to this feature.
Over the course of this three-article series, we’ll cover every option on this menu.
Into this grid, you can put anything you like: text, numbers, pictures — whatever goes into Word will go into a table, too.
Creating a table
When you use the Insert Table button, you get a miniature grid. Using this grid, you tell Word how large you would like your table. In Figure C, a table that is three columns wide and two rows deep would be created. If you make a mistake with the number of rows and columns, don’t worry too much about it. You can always change it later.
In Figure D, notice that the dialog box tells you exactly how many rows and columns will be created for your new table — in this case, five columns and two rows. If you go this route, again, don’t worry if you make a mistake.
For example, rather than the usual row and column format, you could create a table that looks something like the one shown in Figure E.
Navigating your table
Adding and deleting rows and columns
It’s easy to add rows to the end of your table, but what if you need to sneak something in between two rows you already have, or you need to add a column? What about deleting a row or column? No problem.
Shortcuts for adding and deleting rows and columns
Formatting your table
Just like everything else in Word, your table can be formatted with different fonts, colors, line styles, and more. And even after your table is initially created, you can add and remove borders to create a custom table like the one you saw in Figure E.
Changing the line weight, color, and style
Most tables have some kind of grid. But in Word, you can keep the table and remove the grid, change the grid line style to some other type, and change the color of the lines altogether.
On the toolbar ( Figure I), the four options to the right of the Eraser button handle the line styles in your table.
Figure K below shows you an example of what different borders might look like in your table.
Changing the alignment in each cell
You can also change the position of the text in each individual cell in your table. In some cells, you might want the text centered both horizontally and vertically, while in another cell, you might want the text aligned at the bottom-right corner. This is where the cell alignment options come in ( Figure L).
Using this drop-down list, you can quickly change the position of text in your table. Take a look at Figure M to see an example of what you can do. Figure M shows you all of the available alignment options.
Distribute rows and columns
Are you a neat freak? Or do you just want to make sure that your table looks professional? One way you can do that is to make sure your rows and columns are sized appropriately. For example, if you’re showing monthly budget information, your column widths for each month should look the same rather than being all different sizes. Take a look at Figure N to see what I mean.
It’s actually easy to make your table look neat: Use the Distribute Rows Evenly and Distribute Columns Evenly buttons on the toolbar ( Figure O).
You can also manually change the width of a column or the height of a row ( Figure P). When you’re in your table, take a look at both your horizontal and your vertical ruler bars. Each one is broken up with a control that just happens to be at the break point for each row and column.
AutoFormat
From this window, you can peruse the multitude of styles provided by Word, make a modification to one of the templates, or even create your own style. The AutoFormat option allows you to specify which areas you will apply to your table. For example, if you don’t have a header row on your table, you might now want to have the special boldfaced heading text, so you can deselect the Heading Rows option. Figure R shows you the results of using AutoFormat on the mini-budget table. Note that every other line is shaded in this example. Doing that manually on a large table could take quite some time.
Formatting options
Creating, customizing, and formatting tables in Word is largely a function of the specialized Tables And Borders toolbar. With Word, you can create tables of practically any size and shape.
Why Using Japanese Word For Love Is A Taboo?
Aishiteru – Love is A Strong Word in the Japanese Culture
The Japanese word for love is Aishiteru which is pronounced as A-i-shi-te-ru. When said in a more respectful and formal way this word becomes Aishitemasu (A-ish-i-te-ma-su). So Aishiteru or Aishitemasu literally translates into “I Love You” in the English language. But let us now understand the significance of this Japanese word for love and the way it is perceived by Japanese women and men. In traditional Japanese culture the use of the word love on a regular basis was considered as a taboo. This way of thought is still prevalent amongst most Japanese people as they believe that using the Japanese word for love as a form of expressing one’s feelings dilutes its meaning and purpose completely. So it is not uncommon to have a relationship with a Japanese woman and hardly ever hear her say “I love you”. But this doesn’t mean that she doesn’t share the same feelings of love that you do. It’s just that Japanese girls come from a culture where the word love is not used very vocally but rather expressed through one’s actions and behavioral responses.
Suki Dayo – A More Appropriate Way of Expressing Your Love
So what would be a suitable word or phrase that would be closes to “I Love You” but not as strong as the literal translation Aishiteru? Well if you want to express your love to a Japanese woman saying Suki Dayo which is pronounced as Su-ki-Da-yo would be completely appropriate. While the word Suki Dayo literally translates into “I Like You” in the English language it is actually used in Japan in the same way “I Love You” is used in the West!
So does this mean that Aishiteru,the Japanese word for love is a strict taboo and should never be used by you while expressing your love to your Japanese girlfriend? Well the answer is actually quite subjective. With the strong western influences in Japan, people perceptions are also changing and Japanese men and women are becoming more open about talking about love which was otherwise a subject that was hardly ever discussed and regarded as best kept to oneself. Still the Japanese word for love has a very deep emotional significance and should be used when and if you really love and are committed to a Japanese girl and that too once in a while! And that means that if you are dating a Japanese girl or would like to date one then saying Suki Dayo would be the best way to express your feelings!
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