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Microsoft Word offers several options for setting the margins of the document you are editing. In addition to normal page margins, you may have noticed settings for something called “gutter margins.” When you switch gutter margins on, Word adds extra space to your document’s existing margins to allow for the document’s binding.
Gutter margins are designed to add more space to the normal margins of a document that will be bound together; this ensures that none of the text will be obscured once the binding is in place. Even if you intend to just staple your document together, or place it within a temporary binding, adding a gutter margin will give your finished document a more professional look and ensure that readability is preserved.
Gutter Margin Position
Word typically allows you to choose whether to position the gutter margin of your document at the top or left of the page; if you have previously set your document to the “mirror margins,” “book fold” or “two pages per sheet” layout options, Word will automatically set the gutter margins to a position that matches the chosen layout.
Gutter Margin Width
When setting a gutter margin, allow for enough width to ensure the page layout looks even and balanced. If you are unsure what width to use for a document you will be binding yourself, print out a copy of the document on scrap paper and bind it temporarily to determine how much space the binding occupies; if you will be sending your document to a professional binder, contact the binder and ask what width the gutter margin should be.
Gutter Margins vs. Normal Margins
Although you may also allow space for binding the document by adjusting the top or left margins manually, adding gutter margins is a more efficient way of performing the same task. If you adjust a normal margin to accommodate for the binding, you will have to recalculate the margin yourself every time you want to modify the width of either the margin itself or the binding; using the gutter margin option in addition to normal margins will allow you to change the width of margins and binding independently, without having to perform additional calculations.
What Is The Latin Word Order?
One of the most commonly asked questions about Latin syntax is “What is the word order?” In an inflected language like Latin, the order of the words is less important than the ending regarding determining how each word functions in the sentence. A Latin sentence can be written subject first followed by the verb, followed by the object, just as in English. This form of the sentence is referred to as SVO. The Latin sentence can also be written a variety of other ways:
English: The girl loves the dog. SVO
Latin:
Although the Latin word order is flexible, conventionally the Romans adhered to one of these forms for a simple declarative sentence, but with many exceptions. The most common form is the first Latin one above, SOV, (1): Puella canem amat. The ending on the nouns tells their roles in the sentence. The first noun, puella ‘girl,’ is a singular noun in the nominative case, so it is the subject. The second noun, canem ‘dog,’ has an accusative singular ending, so it is the object. The verb has a third person singular verb ending, so it goes with the subject of the sentence.
Word Order Provides EmphasisSince Latin doesn’t require word order for basic comprehension, the fact that there is a fallback word order suggests that there is something word order does that the inflection doesn’t do. Latin word order is varied to emphasize particular words or for variety. Postponement, placing of words in unexpected positions, and juxtaposition were ways Romans achieved emphasis in their sentences, according to an excellent, public domain online Latin grammar, A Latin Grammar, by William Gardner Hale and Carl Darling Buck. First and last words are most important in writing. Speech is different: When talking, people emphasize words with pauses and pitch, but regarding Latin, most of us are more concerned with how to translate or write it than how to speak it.
“The girl loves the dog” is, superficially, a pretty boring sentence, but if the context were one where the expected object of her affection was a boy, then when you say “the girl loves the dog,” the dog is unexpected, and it becomes the most important word. To emphasize it you would say (2): Canem puella amat. If you had mistakenly thought the girl despised the dog, it would be the word love that required emphasis. The last place in the sentence is emphatic, but you could move it to an unexpected spot, at the front, to highlight further the fact that she loves it: (3): Amat puella canem.
Further DetailsLet’s add a modifier: You have a lucky ( felix) girl who loves the dog today ( hodie). You would say in the basic SOV format:
(7): Puella felix canem hodie amat.
An adjective modifying a noun, or a genitive governing it, generally follows the noun, at least for the first noun in the sentence. Romans often separated modifiers from their nouns, thereby creating more interesting sentences. When there are pairs of nouns with modifiers, the nouns, and their modifiers may be ringed (chiastic construction ABba [Noun1-Adjective1-Adjective2-Noun2]) or parallel (BAba [Adjective1-Noun1-Adjective2-Noun2]). Assuming we know that the girl is lucky and happy and the boy is the one who is brave and strong, (nouns A and a, adjectives B and b) you could write:
(8): fortis puer et felix puella (BAba parallel)strong boy and fortunate girl
(9): puer fortis et felix puella (ABba chiastic)boy strong and fortunate girl
Here is a variation on the same theme:
(10): Aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem (BbAa) This is a so-called silver line.golden purple ties brooch garmentA golden brooch ties the purple garment.It is a line of Latin written by a master of Latin poetry, Vergil (Virgil) [Aeneid 4.139]. Here the verb precedes the subject-noun, which precedes the object-noun [VSO].
Hale and Buck provide other examples of variation on the SOV theme, which they say is rarely found, despite its being the standard.
a. The normal order of the modifiers of the verb and the verb itself is:1. Remoter modifiers (time, place, situation, cause, means, etc.).2. Indirect object.3. Direct object.4. Adverb.5. Verb.
Remember:
Modifiers tend to follow their noun and precede their verb in the basic SOV sentence.
Although SOV is the basic structure, you may not find it very often.
What It Really Means To Have Words Of Affirmation As A Love Language
Does your partner place an unusual amount of significance on the spoken and written word? If they get a thrill when you demonstrate sweet expressions of appreciation, compliments, gratitude, and encouragement, it’s likely that their primary love language is words of affirmation.
What are words of affirmation?
Words of affirmation are any spoken or written words that confirm, support, uplift, and empathize with another person in a positive manner. Words of affirmation is one of the five love languages, which are just specific ways of giving and receiving love in a relationship. If someone is drawn to words of affirmation as their love language, marriage and family therapist Michele DeMarco tells mbg, it’s because they believe words really matter and help them give a literal voice to how they feel inside.
Examples of words of affirmation.
Couples therapist Antonia Di Leo, LMFT, shares some affirmative phrases that will make people whose love language is words of affirmation feel loved and secure:
I love you.
You are so special to me.
After all of this time, I’m still so crazy for you.
It really impressed me when you…
You inspire me to….
Did I tell you how grateful I am that you are my partner?
You deserve all of the praise at work. I see how hard you’ve been working.
I just wanted to let you know I’m proud of you.
I really appreciate you when you do…
I am here if you need me. I’m always in your corner supporting you.
I feel so loved when you…
I am proud of you because…
I want to take the time to thank you for how hard you work around our home.
You look amazing. Is that a new outfit?
I am proud of you for always trying your best, whatever it is.
Thank you for being so sweet and loving to my family and friends.
I’m the happiest when you make me laugh.
You have the cutest crinkles when you smile.
I find you so attractive and gorgeous.
I’m lucky that you are my partner.
I love our beautiful life together.
I love how your eyes sparkle when you…
Thank you for making me feel safe and loved.
Author and pastor Gary Chapman, Ph.D., developed the love language system from his years working with couples as a marriage counselor. He reasoned that there are five love languages we all enjoy and experience on some level in our relationships-words of affirmation, quality time, acts of service, touch, and gifts-but that we all have one or two dominant styles that we prefer for receiving and giving love. By figuring out your and your partner’s governing love language styles, it should theoretically help you both feel more seen and loved in your partnership.
“Love is the strongest and healthiest form of human bonding and belonging. It’s that generative ‘felt sense’ deep inside that ties and binds us-emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually-to another person. Language is a system of symbols and rules that people use to express and share meaning. So, a love language, you might say, is how we communicate or share the deepest, most essential parts of ourselves,” notes DeMarco.
In relationships, Di Leo asserts it’s important to clarify what your love languages are with each other so you two can sync up with each other and align better. The other languages revolve around action, touch, physicality, and time, while words of affirmation is centered on the importance of verbal expression. To people who are very into words of affirmation, they are uniquely aware of how powerful and beautiful words can really be. Words can be used as a way to tear someone down or build someone up. Since written and spoken language speaks directly to their heart, people with this love language will show their loved ones affection through effusive words, terms of endearment, and sweet little nothings, which are really sweet little everythings.
For people who gravitate toward words of affirmation, they find fulfillment through positive reinforcement via compliments or praise that shines light on something they did or who they are as a person. To some, words may not seem that meaningful, but to people whose love language is words of affirmation, underneath each word is an ocean of meaning and significance that is working to either strengthen or weaken the relationship’s bonds.
“Appreciation is at the heart of having words of affirmation as a love language. It recognizes quality over quantity and substance over appearance. It promotes empathy and compassion, increases intimacy, and helps to keep us calm and content,” DeMarco explains.
She adds, “It comes down to inclination-a person’s natural way to act or feel. Some people need to hear or read love’s meaning, while others prefer to show not tell. The importance here is less in the why and more in the that-especially that one knows their own inclination, as well as their partner’s.”
If words aren’t your thing and you’re dating someone whose love language is words of affirmation, don’t worry. What matters is that you are tending to your words with care and getting down to the root of why you love your partner when you speak.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind for using words of affirmation:
Take the time to be verbose without being disingenuous or saying things for the sake of saying them. If you see a moment to encourage them in some way, go for it. Chapman likens love languages to the analogy of filling a love tank. Think about it this way: By refueling their appetite for affirmation (with the right fuel!), they will be overflowing with gratitude and approach the relationship from an expansive place when they feel supported.
If it’s hard to tell them in person, you can always use the written word or texts so it gives you more time to measure out your words in an impactful way. The act of crafting a highly specific and personalized message matters more than repeating a line you heard in a movie or copy and pasting a poem you found online. They will value it infinitely more when it comes from the heart.
If they chose you as a partner, that means they are already in love with who you are as a person. If you aren’t a natural wordsmith, don’t sweat it. It’s normal to be tongue-tied if you aren’t naturally expressive with your words. DeMarco suggests being yourself. Get creative, be funny, and express yourself, in your voice. “Show that you know them specifically, what they need to feel loved. Love is not a one-size-fits-all. Pay attention to what your partner responds to,” she says.
“The trick with words of affirmation is understanding what kind of positive phrases speak directly to your partner,” Di Leo says. Some people prefer statements that aren’t directed at their appearance and prefer to be celebrated for their contributions, or they may want more acknowledgment on a day-to-day level. It’s important to move away from the generalities of the theory and focus on being hyper-targeted with your partner so you can show up in your partnership the way that they need you to, on an individual level.
Put Post-it notes on the mirror, send them a sweet text message, or write them a silly little song. “Not only will your partner be appreciative, but they will also remember it as being brave and heartfelt,” says DeMarco. “While your partner’s need for words is not necessarily your natural strength of comfort zone, they won’t expect perfection. Rather, they’ll be appreciative of your effort that much more.”
Are you the one whose love language is words of affirmation? Here’s how to communicate that to your partner:
Effective communication is everything. The longer you wait to bring it up, the more you are delaying your own happiness. “Don’t wait until you’re in a torrent of resentment or a deluge of sadness before you ask for more words of affirmation,” says DeMarco.
Fishing for compliments or praise can be frustrating for your partner because it can come off as complaining instead of a request. Flip it by turning it into a conversation where you bring curiosity and openness to the table and address your ask directly. When you see them make an effort, take the time to thank them so it doesn’t feel one-sided.
“The idea is to help your partner understand how to express their love and appreciation in a way that is most receptive for you. Be clear about what you need. Be calm in your affect. Be confident in your being,” says DeMarco. Show up as an example and clearly state what you need and why it will help you feel safer in the relationship. This act of vulnerability and you standing up for your needs can help intensify the trust in the relationship.
If you’re reading this because you want to show your partner some love, take a moment to applaud yourself for embarking on this path of intentionality and conscious loving. By taking the time to celebrate, support, affirm, and reinvest your partner with words of affirmation, it will serve to invite more love into your life.
Q&Amp;A: What’S The Ideal Cover Letter Length?
What is the ideal length of a cover letter? Too short and your cover letter will seem generic and lacking in effort, too long and you’ll come across as unfocused. Employers only spend a limited time reading your cover letter. You can make the most of that time by including compelling, brief descriptions of your experience and qualifications-all without repeating yourself.
How long should a cover letter be?
Cover letters should be between half a page to one full page in length. Limit your cover letter length to 4 paragraphs, opening each with a succinct topic sentence and closing with an attention-grabbing final thought.
Image description
Cover Letter Format
Date and contact information
Salutation or greeting
Opening paragraph
Middle paragraph(s)
Closing paragraph
Letter ending and signature
Below, we’ve included eight ways to reach the correct length for your cover letter, and impress the hiring manager along the way.
Related: How to Write a Cover Letter
1. Check length requirements
Sometimes employers may include specific directions for your cover letter in the job posting. They might give you a cover letter word limit or provide a writing prompt or questions for you to answer. Make a good first impression by following any instructions they give you, including word count or cover letter length directions.
2. Don’t focus on hitting a specific word count
How many words should a cover letter be? Unless the employer has specified otherwise, 250 to 400 words is the right amount. This length will fill half a page or one full page using 12 point font, while still leaving room for the correct spacing and margins.
The important thing, however, is to focus on the content of your cover letter and use word count as a general guideline to keep you on the right track.
Related: 7 Key Elements of a Successful Cover Letter
3. Embrace white space
White space makes your cover letter more enjoyable for the hiring manager to read. Break up your text by adding a blank line between paragraphs, setting 1-inch margins on each side. With lots of white space, your cover letter will look like an enjoyable read rather than a wall of text.
4. Limit your cover letter to four paragraphs
Generally, your cover letter should be between half a page and one full page in length. Divide your cover letter into three or four short paragraphs that can be read in around 10 seconds or less. In these paragraphs, include a strong topic sentence and write just enough to prove that you’re interested in the job and company, as well as highlight the skills you can bring to the new role.
Read more: How to Format a Cover Letter (With Example)
5. Keep paragraphs focused and sentences short
For maximum impact, focus each of your paragraphs around one central idea. Lead with a strong topic sentence. This sentence will tell the reader what your paragraph is about. Next, add several short, descriptive sentences that support this main idea. Finally, wrap up each paragraph with an attention-grabbing final thought or a brief conclusion sentence that recaps your main idea.
Here’s an example of how to structure your cover letter paragraphs:
Topic sentence
One of the factors that really attracted me to this role is that [Company Name] values giving back to the community.
Descriptive sentences
In my spare time, I run free web development workshops for at-risk youths. In these workshops, I serve as a mentor and teach the basics of HTML/CSS and JavaScript.
Conclusion
As I grow in my career, applying my skills to help others and make an impact on the world becomes more important-I believe this role would give me that opportunity.
Related: 7 Powerful Ways to Start a Cover Letter
6. Include impactful and relevant stories
Your cover letter should briefly explain why you’re qualified for the role using highly relevant examples from your work history. If you’re not sure about which qualifications or experiences to include, look back at the job description for clues. Match your skills to the requirements the employer is asking for. Expand upon those qualifications in your letter by citing recent accomplishments.
You can make your stories impactful by using the STAR method. STAR stands for Situation (the context of your story), Task (your role in this situation), Action (what you did in this situation), and Result (the outcome you achieved). This format makes it clear what happened and what you contributed.
Here’s an example of how to use the STAR method in a cover letter:
Recently, my current employer launched a new service to meet a specific need for small businesses.
My role was to draft the press release and engage local media to create interest in the launch.
I took the press release through several rounds of review with the company’s senior leadership and incorporated their feedback. I was able to secure media coverage in our city’s leading publications as well as with the Chamber of Commerce.
On the day we launched the service, the new service was covered on the front page of the business section of the leading local paper-both print and online. We saw our site’s traffic increase 5X the daily average and received unprecedented inbound interest from new and existing small business clients. It was one of the most successful launches in the history of the company.
Related: How to Write Strong Bullet Points for Your Resume
7. Don’t give everything away
The purpose of your cover letter is to generate curiosity and land an interview. For this reason, avoid explaining every single quality you will bring to this new role. Instead, focus on your proudest accomplishments and reveal just enough about yourself to catch the hiring manager’s interest and encourage them to invite you for an interview. Slightly less than one page is a great cover letter length for achieving this.
8. Trim it down
What if you can’t fit everything you want to include on one page? Consider having your friends and family read through your cover letter to edit out unnecessary details and wordy language. Leave in your most impressive achievements, but cut out any mention of day-to-day job duties. Remember, cover letters should never extend beyond one page-even for the most experienced candidates.
Related: 6 Universal Rules for Resume Writing
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