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This chapter from Microsoft Word 2023 Step By Step guides you through procedures related to applying character and paragraph formatting, structuring content manually, creating and modifying lists, applying styles to text, and changing a document’s theme.
Documents contain text that conveys information to readers, but the appearance of the document content also conveys a message. You can provide structure and meaning by formatting the text in various ways. Word 2023 provides a variety of simple-to-use tools that you can use to apply sophisticated formatting and create a navigational structure.
This chapter guides you through procedures related to applying character and paragraph formatting, structuring content manually, creating and modifying lists, applying styles to text, and changing a document’s theme.
Apply paragraph formattingA paragraph is created by entering text and then pressing the Enter key. A paragraph can contain one word, one sentence, or multiple sentences. Every paragraph ends with a paragraph mark, which looks like a backward P (¶). Paragraph marks and other structural characters (such as spaces, line breaks, and tabs) are usually hidden, but you can display them. Sometimes displaying these hidden characters makes it easier to accomplish a task or understand a structural problem.
You can change the look of a paragraph by changing its indentation, alignment, and line spacing, in addition to the space before and after it. You can also put borders around it and shade its background. Collectively, the settings you use to vary the look of a paragraph are called paragraph formatting.
You can modify a paragraph’s left and right edge alignment and vertical spacing by using tools on the Home tab of the ribbon, and its left and right indents from the Home tab or from the ruler. The ruler is usually hidden to provide more space for the document content.
The left indent can be changed from the Home tab or the ruler
If you modify a paragraph and aren’t happy with the changes, you can restore the original paragraph and character settings by clearing the formatting to reset the paragraph to its base style.
Configure alignmentThe alignment settings control the horizontal position of the paragraph text between the page margins. There are four alignment options:
Align Left This is the default paragraph alignment. It sets the left end of each line of the paragraph at the left page margin or left indent. It results in a straight left edge and a ragged right edge.
Align Right This sets the right end of each line of the paragraph at the right page margin or right indent. It results in a straight right edge and a ragged left edge.
Center This centers each line of the paragraph between the left and right page margins or indents. It results in ragged left and right edges.
Justify This alignment adjusts the spacing between words so that the left end of each line of the paragraph is at the left page margin or indent and the right end of each line of the paragraph (other than the last line) is at the right margin or indent. It results in straight left and right edges.
The icons on the alignment buttons on the ribbon depict the effect of each alignment option.
To open the Paragraph dialog box
Do either of the following:
To set paragraph alignment
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Do either of the following:
Configure vertical spacing
Paragraphs have two types of vertical spacing:
Paragraph spacing The space between paragraphs, defined by setting the space before and after each paragraph. This space is usually measured in points.
Line spacing The space between the lines of the paragraph, defined by setting the height of the lines either in relation to the height of the text (Single, Double, or a specific number of lines) or by specifying a minimum or exact point measurement.
The default line spacing for documents created in Word 2023 is 1.08 lines. Changing the line spacing changes the appearance and readability of the text in the paragraph and, of course, also changes the amount of space it occupies on the page.
You can set the paragraph and line spacing for individual paragraphs and for paragraph styles. You can quickly adjust the spacing of most content in a document by selecting an option from the Paragraph Spacing menu on the Design tab. (Although the menu is named Paragraph Spacing, the menu options control both paragraph spacing and line spacing.) These options, which are named by effect rather than by specific measurements, work by modifying the spacing of the Normal paragraph style and any other styles that depend on the Normal style for their spacing. (In standard templates, most other styles are based on the Normal style.) The Paragraph Spacing options modify the Normal style in only the current document, and do not affect other documents.
The following table describes the effect of each Paragraph Spacing option on the paragraph and line spacing settings.
To quickly adjust the vertical spacing before, after, and within all paragraphs in a document
Each paragraph spacing option controls space around and within the paragraph
To adjust the spacing between paragraphs
Select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
On the Layout tab, in the Paragraph group, adjust the Spacing Before and Spacing After settings.
The settings in the Spacing boxes are measured in pointsTo adjust spacing between the lines of paragraphs
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
You can choose from preset internal line spacing options or adjust paragraph spacing
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Configure indentsIn Word, you don’t define the width of paragraphs and the length of pages by defining the area occupied by the text; instead, you define the size of the white space-the left, right, top, and bottom margins-around the text.
Although the left and right margins are set for a whole document or for a section of a document, you can vary the position of the paragraphs between the margins by indenting the left or right edge of the paragraph.
Left Indent This defines the outermost left edge of each line of the paragraph.
Right Indent This defines the outermost right edge of each line of the paragraph.
First Line Indent This defines the starting point of the first line of the paragraph.
The ruler indicates the space between the left and right page margins in a lighter color than the space outside of the page margins.
The default setting for the Left Indent and First Line Indent markers is 0.0″, which aligns with the left page margin. The default setting for the Right Indent marker is the distance from the left margin to the right margin. For example, if the page size is set to 8.5″ wide and the left and right margins are set to 1.0″, the default Right Indent marker setting is 6.5″.
You can arrange the Left Indent and First Line Indent markers to create a hanging indent or a first line indent. Hanging indents are most commonly used for bulleted and numbered lists, in which the bullet or number is indented less than the main text (essentially, it is out dented). First line indents are frequently used to distinguish the beginning of each subsequent paragraph in documents that consist of many consecutive paragraphs of text. Both types of indents are set by using the First Line Indent marker on the ruler.
To display the ruler To indent or outdent the left edge of a paragraph
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Do any of the following:
To create a hanging indent or first line indent
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Set the left indent of the paragraph body.
On the ruler, drag the First Line Indent marker to the ruler measurement at which you want to begin the first line of the paragraph.
To indent or outdent the right edge of a paragraph
Position the cursor anywhere in the paragraph, or select all the paragraphs you want to adjust.
Do either of the following:
On the ruler, drag the Right Indent marker to the ruler measurement at which you want to set the maximum right edge of the paragraph.
How To Vertically Align Text In Microsoft Word
What to Know
To center text in Word, use the Vertical alignment menu.
The Vertical Alignment menu also controls Top, Justified, and Bottom text alignment.
To center text in Word for only part of the document, highlight what you want to center before choosing Vertical Alignment.
This article explains how to center text in Word. Instructions apply to Word for Microsoft 365, Word 2023, Word 2023, Word 2013, Word 2010, Word 2007, and Word 2003.
How to Vertically Align Text in Word
When you want to position text in a section of a document relative to the top and bottom margins, use vertical alignment.
To reflect a change in the vertical alignment, the document page or pages must be only partially full of text.
For Microsoft Word 2023, 2023, 2013, 2010, and 2007
Open the Word document in which you want to vertically align the text.
Go to the Layout tab (or Page Layout, depending on the version of Word).
In the Page Setup group, select the Page Setup dialog launcher (which is located in the lower-right corner of the group).
In the Page Setup dialog box, choose the Layout tab.
In the Page section, select the Vertical alignment drop-down arrow and choose either Top, Center, Justified, or Bottom.
If you choose Justified, the text is spread out evenly from top to bottom.
Select OK.
Your text will now be aligned the way you selected.
For Word 2003
To vertically align text in Microsoft Word 2003:
Select File.
Choose Page Setup.
In the Page Setup dialog box, select Layout.
Select the Vertical alignment drop-down arrow and choose either Top, Center, Justified, or Bottom.
Select OK.
Vertically Align Part of a Word Document
When you use the steps above, the default condition is to change the vertical alignment of the entire Microsoft Word document. If you want to change the alignment of only part of the document, select the text you want to vertically align.
Here’s how to vertically align part of a document:
Select the text you want to vertically align.
Go to the Layout tab (or Page Layout, depending on the version of Word).
In the Page Setup group, select the Page Setup dialog launcher (it’s located in the lower-right corner of the group).
In the Page Setup dialog box, choose the Layout tab.
In the Page section, select the Vertical alignment drop-down arrow and choose an alignment.
In the Preview section, select the Apply to drop-down arrow and choose Selected text.
Select OK to apply the alignment to the selected text.
Any text before or after the selection retains the existing alignment choices.
If you don’t select text prior to performing the alignment selection, the Selected text preference can only be applied from the cursor’s current location to the end of the document.
To make this work, position the cursor, then:
Go to the Layout tab (or Page Layout, depending on the version of Word).
In the Page Setup group, select the Page Setup dialog launcher (which is located in the lower-right corner of the group).
In the Page Setup dialog box, choose the Layout tab.
In the Page section, select the Vertical alignment drop-down arrow and choose an alignment.
In the Preview section, select the Apply to drop-down arrow and choose This point forward.
Select OK to apply the alignment to the text.
Word 2023: Applying And Modifying Styles
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IntroductionA style is a predefined combination of font style, color, and size that can be applied to any text in your document. Styles can help your documents achieve a more professional look and feel. You can also use styles to quickly change several things in your document at the same time.
Optional: Download our practice document.
Watch the video below to learn more about using styles in Word.
To apply a style:
Select the text you want to format, or place your cursor at the beginning of the line.
Select the desired style from the drop-down menu.
The text will appear in the selected style.
To apply a style set:Style sets include a combination of title, heading, and paragraph styles. Style sets allow you to format all elements in your document at once instead of modifying each element separately.
Choose the desired style set from the drop-down menu.
The selected style set will be applied to your entire document.
To modify a style:
The style will be modified.
When you modify a style, you’re changing every instance of that style in the document. In the example below, we’ve modified the Normal style to use a larger font size. Because both paragraphs use the Normal style, they’ve been updated automatically to use the new size.
To create a new style:
The Styles task pane will appear. Select the New Style button at the bottom of the task pane.
The new style will be applied to the currently selected text. It will also appear in the Styles group.
You can also use styles to create a table of contents for your document. To learn how, review our article on How to Create a Table of Contents in Microsoft Word.
Challenge!
On page 1, select the first line of text Shelbyfield Animal Rescue and change the style to Title.
Select the second line that says August Volunteer Update and change the style to Heading 1.
Select the third line that says A Message From Your Director and change the style to Heading 2.
In the Design tab, change the style set to Casual.
Modify the Normal style so the font is Cambria and the font size is 14 pt.
When you’re finished, the first page of your document should look like this:
Optional: Modify the Heading 3 style any way you want. You can change the font, font size, color, and more. This heading appears throughout the document, so try to choose formatting that complements the body text.
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How To Quickly Highlight Recurring Text In Word
Highlighting text in Microsoft Word is easy if you know these two shortcuts.
Highlighting is a common task in Microsoft Word because it allows the reader to quickly find specific words or phrases. If the text occurs a lot, manually highlighting all instances would be tedious, and fortunately is unnecessary. In this article, I’ll show you two ways to highlight recurring text: using Word’s Find & Replace and Find options. Both are good tools to know when you want to review surrounding text rather than make a blanket change. Both are easy but come with a few limitations.
Disclosure:LEARN MORE: Office 365 for business TechRepublic may earn a commission from some of the products featured on this page. TechRepublic and the author were not compensated for this independent review.
I’m using (desktop) Office 365, but you can use earlier versions. You can work with your own document or download the simple demonstration .docx file. It doesn’t work in the browser edition.
How to highlight in Word using Find & ReplaceFigure A
When highlighting recurring text, you might turn to Replace first, but you’ll find highlighting on the Find tab, not Replace. Let’s run through a simple example by adding a green highlight to every instance of the word video in the demonstration document:
First, choose the highlight color. This step might not matter, but it’s important to note that Word will apply the current highlight, which might happen to be no highlight at all. For our purposes, choose green from the Text Highlight Color dropdown in the Font group (on the Home tab).
In the Find What control, enter video
From the Reading Highlight, choose Highlight All. Figure A shows the highlights.
If you highlight another word or phrase-regardless of the highlight color you use-Word will remove the results of the Highlight All task.
If you remove the highlight from any of the highlighted instances, Word will remove them all.
After highlighting, you can quickly peruse your document and make updates as necessary. The highlighting will stay in place until you remove it. You can even save the highlights.
However, all this quick highlighting has its limits:
Now, let’s do the same thing using Find in the Navigation pane.
In the text control, enter video and press Enter. Word will automatically highlight all instances (Figure C).
Figure B
Figure C
How to highlight in Word using FindThere’s more than one way to highlight recurring text, and you’ll want to be familiar with both. This time we’ll use the Find option, but you can skip choosing a highlight color because Word will ignore the setting. Now, do the following:
The same caveats apply as before when trying to work with subsequent highlighting. In addition, when you close the Navigation pane, all highlights disappear. For this reason, I find this option less flexible, but if you’re working in the Navigation pane for other reasons, it works well.
Stay tunedIn a subsequent article, I’ll show you how to replace one highlighting color with another! If you have any cool highlight tips, please share them in the Comments section below.
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