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Last updated
This article is based on legacy software.
Rather than performing calculations by hand, you can do basic calculations within your Word table. If your table contains several calculations, a worksheet like Excel may be a better option. The same principles of doing calculations in worksheets are used in Word. Instead of entering the actual value you want to use for the calculation, you will be referring to the cell containing the value. The cell reference is in the form of “Column ID, Row ID.” The columns are referred to by letters starting at “A.” The rows are referred to by numbers starting at 1. The first cell of the table (i.e., first column, first row) is referred to as A1.
This document explains how to use calculations within tables.
Formula Examples
Like pressing addition or multiplication keys on a calculator, you need to designate the appropriate actions when writing formulas. These actions are referred to as operators; the following comprise the basic formula operators:
Addition
+
Multiplication
*
Subtraction
–
Division
/
The following table is an example of a completed travel budget that may be included in a proposal for attending a conference. Following the first table is a description of the formulas used to perform the calculations within the table (indicated by the gray shading).
Formula for Actual Formula About the FormulaHotel
=69.95*3
Computes the total cost for the hotel stay by multiplying 69.95 by 3
Meals
=50*4
Computes the total cost of the meals by multiplying 50 by 4
Total Conference Budget
=sum (above)
Calculates the total of the costs by adding the values above the formula (B2 through B6)
Department Contribution
=b6-b7
Calculates the department contribution by subtracting the grant request from the total conference budget
Inserting Formulas
To insert a formula, determine the values or cell references required for the formula and then follow these instructions:
Place your insertion point in the cell where you want to place the formula
From the Table menu, select Formula… The Formula dialog box appears. HINT: Similar to Excel, based on the numbers in the table and the location of the cell in which you want to place the formula, Word will guess what type of formula you may want (e.g., to add all cells to the left of the formula,=SUM (LEFT) may be placed in the Formula text box).
In the Formula text box, type the desired formula
If necessary, from the Number format pull-down list, select the desired format for the result
Recalculating Formulas
To update values in a table, recalculate the formula(s) using one of the following methods.
Recalculate the Value of an Individual Cell: Keyboard Option
Windows only:
Place your insertion point in the cell, before the numerals
Press [ F9]OR Press [ Alt] + [ Shift] + [ U] The formula is recalculated.
Recalculate the Value of an Individual Cell: Mouse Option
Place your insertion point in the cell, before the numerals
Recalculating the Values of the Entire Table
Windows:
Place your insertion point within the table
From the Table menu, select Select ” Table The entire table is selected.
Press [ F9]OR Press [ ALT] + [ Shift] + [ U] All formulas are recalculated.
Macintosh:
From the Edit menu, select Select All
(Archives) Microsoft Word 2003: Outlining: Bullet &Amp; Numbering Options
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This article is based on legacy software.
When outlining your document, the outline’s hierarchy is separated by levels. You can customize these levels by adding bullets or numbers. Bullets and numbers help the reader find the different sections of the document because the different headings will be signified by a letter, number, or bullet.
Through the Bullets and Numbering dialog box, you can customize the levels of your outline numbered (or bulleted) lists. You can then add bullets or numbers to text that is already typed or text to be typed.
Customizing the Settings and Levels
If you do not want to use the pre-defined outline settings that are provided in Word, you can create your own. You can customize the levels of both bulleted and numbered outline lists by using the Outline Numbered tab of the Bullets and Numbering dialog box. This dialog box allows you to change the font of your bullets or numbers, move their positions, and adjust numbering styles.
Customizing Outline Numbered Lists
Place your insertion point within the desired list
From the Format menu, select Bullets and Numbering… The Bullets and Numbering dialog box appears.
Select the Outline Numbered tab
Select the desired outline option
From the Level list, select the level you wish to format The selected level appears highlighted under Number format and Preview.
To customize your list, refer to the following table:
To customize…Follow these instructions…
the style
From the Number style pull-down list, select the desired style
the sequence of the numbers
For a numbered list, in the Start at text box, use the nudge buttons to reach the appropriate number
the font style
Under Font, Font style, Size, Font color, and Effects, make the appropriate changes
the number position
For a numbered list, from the Number position pull-down list, select the appropriate option
In the Aligned at text box, type the appropriate alignment measurement
the text position
In the Text position section, In the Tab space after text box, type the appropriate measurements
In the Indent at text box, type the appropriate measurement
Repeat steps 5-6 for each outline level
Applying Outline Numbering to Existing Text
Bulleted or numbered lists can be applied to selected text. To determine what is included in the bulleted or numbered list, select the appropriate text. You will add bullets and numbers using the Bullets and Numbering dialog box. For instruction on the basics of using bulleted or numbered lists, refer to Using Bulleted Lists or Using Numbered Lists.
Select the desired text
From the Format menu, select Bullets and Numbering… The Bullets and Numbering dialog box appears.
Select the Outline Numbered tab
Select the desired outline option
OPTIONAL: To customize the outline option you just selected, refer to Customizing Outline Numbered Lists above.
Applying Outline Numbering as You Type
You can can select and customize your outline numbered list prior to typing the list items. For instructions on the basics of using bulleted or numbered lists, refer to Using Bulleted Lists or Using Numbered Lists.
In the Outline view, place the insertion point where you want the list to begin
From the Format menu, select Bullets and Numbering… The Bullets and Numbering dialog box appears.
Select the Outline Numbered tab
Select the desired outline option
OPTIONAL: To customize the outline option you just selected, refer to Customizing Outline Numbered Lists above.
Type the first list item’s textNOTES: Word will automatically number or bullet your headings accordingly. To learn how to create headings, refer toApplying a Heading Style as part of Outlining: Using the Outline View.
To move to the next level, press [ Tab] To return to a previous level, press [ Shift] + [ Tab]NOTE: Make sure your insertion point is next to or within text to be moved.
Adding or Deleting Levels
After you have customized and made all of your outline decisions, you may still need to add or delete levels. If you have a customized outline, added levels will automatically follow with the customized format. Your customized outline will automatically adjust with deleted levels as well.
Adding a Level
Place the insertion point in the level above the location where you want to insert a new level
Press [ Enter] The new level appears with an outline symbol to the left.
Deleting a Level
Select the level you want to delete
Press [ Delete]
Helpful Keyboard Shortcuts
Here are some helpful keyboard shortcuts to use when promoting/demoting the different levels and paragraphs of your outline.
Action Key CombinationAdvance to next list item
[ Enter]
Promote a list item
[ Shift] + [ Tab]OR [ Alt] + [ Shift] + [ Left Arrow]
Demote a list item
[ Tab]OR [ Alt] + [ Shift] + [ Right Arrow]
Demote to body text
Windows: [ Ctrl] + [ Shift] + [ N] Macintosh: [ command] + [ Shift] + [ N]
Move selected list item up
Windows: [ Alt] + [ Shift] + [ Up Arrow] Macintosh: [ control] + [ Shift] + [ Up Arrow ]
Move selected list item down
Windows: [ Alt] + [ Shift] + [ Down Arrow] Macintosh: [ control] + [ Shift] + [ Down Arrow ]
(Archives) Microsoft Word 2007: Creating Headers And Footers
Last updated
This article is based on legacy software.
You can create headers and footers in your Word document so that information such as the author’s name, document title, or page numbers will appear in the top and/or bottom margin of your document. You can create a header and footer that appears the same on every page, or you can customize the pages with different headers and footers.
Inserting a Header or a Footer
By default, headers and footers appear on every page of your document. Word gives you have several presets to select from; you can also begin with a blank header or footer.
Select the desired header or footer style HINT: To start with a blank Header/Footer, selectEdit Header or Edit Footer
Editing Header or Footer Content
Once you have inserted a header or footer you can edit or format the content. Additional options appear in the Header & Footer Tools Design Tab.
Edit text as desired
From the Ribbon, select additional customizing options as desired
The Header & Footer Tools Design Tab
The Header & Footer Tools Design command tab appears on the Ribbon only when an existing header or footer is active. This special command tab providing several unique header and footer formatting options.
Position Group This group allows you to adjust where your header appears on the page(s). The default setting is 0.5 inches from the top and bottom of the page.
Close Header and Footer Group From here you can exit the header/footer text box and continue editing your document.
Creating a Different First Page Header and Footer
If you want the header/footer of your document to be different on your first page, you first need to create a header or footer. You can customize headers and footers in the Header & Footer Tools Design tab, which appears only when you select a header or footer.
From the Header & Footer Tools Design command tab, in the Options group, select Different First Page The label on the first page header text box changes from Header to First Page Header.
In the First Page Header text box, insert the desired information
In the First Page Footer text box, insert the desired information
In the Footer text box, insert the desired information
In the Header text box, insert the desired information
Creating Odd and Even Page Headers and Footers
You can create different odd and even page headers and footers, which display different information on the odd and even pages of your document.
From the Headers & Footers Tools Design tab, in the Options section, select Different Odd & Even Pages
In the Odd Page Header text box, insert the desired information
In the Odd Page Footer text box, insert the desired information
In the Even Page Footer text box, insert the desired information
In the Even Page Header text box, insert the desired information
Why I Don’t Use Custom Table Styles In Microsoft Word 2002 And 2003
Why I don’t use Custom Table Styles in Microsoft Word 2002 and 2003
Quick Reference: Why I don’t use Table Styles in Word 2002 or 2003
I’ve given up trying to use Table Styles for professional documentation. This page explains why.
In Word 2002, Microsoft introduced Table Styles. “Wow!”, I thought. Table Styles promised a quick way to format tables consistently and easily.
And on the face of it, they do.
In my work, I create templates for professional use. I need to define custom ways to control table formatting in several subtle ways. Using custom Table Styles should be the answer to my needs. But I don’t find them useful.
Microsoft has never documented how they work. I’ve only been able to discover how they work through trial and error, and from reading about other users’ frustrations on Microsoft’s newsgroups.
Every few months since Word 2002 was introduced, I’ve experimented with Table Styles. Every few months I’ve been disappointed, because they never give me quite what I need.
This is why I’ve finally given up on them.
Table Styles aren’t a grouping of paragraph styles
Paragraph styles are the basic mechanism for formatting text in Word. You can’t do serious work without coming to grips with them.
In my view, Table Styles should be a mechanism for identifying which paragraph styles I want used in my text + the overall settings the table itself needs.
But that’s not how Table Styles work. They apply direct formatting to my text, and they don’t play nicely with paragraph styles.
Table Styles don’t play nicely with Paragraph Styles
If text in the paragraph is in any paragraph style other than Normal, then sometimes the formatting of the Table Style over‑rides the paragraph style, and sometimes vice versa. For example:
if the Table Style is formatted so that the text is right‑aligned, and I apply a paragraph style that is left‑aligned, then the text will be right‑aligned. The Table Style “wins” the alignment debate.
if the Table Style is formatted with 9pt font, and I apply a paragraph style that has 10pt font, then the text will be 10pt. The paragraph style “wins” the font size debate.
This leaves me frustrated and confused. I apply a paragraph style to text in my table, and Word applies only some of the paragraph style’s settings. Only by trial and error can I can work out which settings of a paragraph style will be applied to the text in a table.
As a user, this single reason is sufficient for me to avoid Table Styles.
Table Styles apply fonts inconsistently
The font identified for the Table Style appears to be applied inconsistently. From testing with trial and error, the rules appear to be the following.
If I apply a Table Style to a table, and if the Table Style uses the same font as the document’s Normal style, then the font in the Table Style is applied to text in the table.
If I apply a Table Style to a table, and if the Table Style uses a font that is different from the document’s Normal style, then:
if the text in the table is in style Normal, the font specified in the Table Style is ignored.
if the style of the text in the table is in some other paragraph style, then the other style’s font is respected and the other paragraph style’s font is applied to the text.
Table Styles apply font sizes inconsistently
The font size defined in a Table Style will only be applied to my table if the document’s Normal style happens to be either 10pt or 12pt.
If the document’s Normal style uses, say, Times New Roman 11pt, then any font size I define in the Table Style is ignored.
Furthermore, I can only use 10pt fonts in a Table Style if the document’s Normal style is in 10pt. If style Normal is in some other size, I can have 9pt, or 11pt in my Table Style, but not 10pt.
Table Styles expect that all text in my table is in style Normal
When I go to insert a table, my cursor is obviously within a paragraph of text. When I insert a table, the text in the table is automatically formatted in the style of that paragraph.
table and use a particular Table Style. I insert the table, and I apply the Table Style.
But the text in the table will now be in paragraph style Body Text. And, as we’ve seen, Table Styles don’t play nicely with paragraph styles.
The only way I can get the Table Style settings to work is to select the whole table, and apply style Normal.
Table Styles are difficult for developers to use
I create lots of Word templates for clients. I’ve long since automated a lot of that work, partly because it speeds up the process, and partly because I can replicate a template with accuracy that I can’t achieve if I do it by hand.
However, a Table Style cannot be entirely constructed in code. That is because some parts of a Table Style are not exposed in Word’s object model. For example, in the user interface, I can specify that the heading row in a Table Style is to repeat at the top of each page. I cannot do that when defining a Table Style in code.
Therefore, tools to create a Table Style or to “fix up” messy tables will not work completely.
What would I have to do to use a Table Style successfully?
So, to use a Table Style successfully I would have to:
modify the Table Style to use the same font as my document’s Normal style
if I need the Table Style to use 10pt text, I must ensure that the document’s Normal style is in 10pt text
each time I insert a table, I must apply the Table Style, then select the whole table and apply style Normal (or, I must apply style Normal, then insert the table and apply the Table Style)
if I want to stay sane, I must avoid applying a paragraph style to text in a table
I have to give up on the idea of creating Table Styles in code.
Since I’ve never had a document for which these rules are appropriate, I have given up on trying to use Table Styles to format my tables.
Is Word 2007 going to solve these problems?
I don’t know yet. Certainly there have been some changes. But as far as I know, Microsoft has not yet documented how Table Styles work. So the only way to find out is trial and error.
Resources
If you’re looking for more information about Table Styles, try the following:
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